Showing posts with label water force. Show all posts
Showing posts with label water force. Show all posts

Wednesday, February 26, 2020

2/26/20 Report - Reading the Water to Find the Treasure Holes. Test Your Detector. Beach Privatization.


Written by the TreasureGuide for the exclusive use of treasurebeachesreport.blogspot.com.

Stairs at Seagrape Trail Saturday Morning.
Clipped form video submitted by DJ.

The posts at the bottom of the stairs at Seagrape Trail were getting washed out Saturday morning.  They had recently repaired them, but they were damaged again.  I was there that day but forgot to take photos.

Take a look at the stairs and the short posts sticking out of the sand in the photo below.  The posts are lower than the bottom step.  They weren't showing until the beach eroded.


Just To The North of the Seagrape Trail Access on 2/20
Clipped form video by DJ

Also notice the mass of water that is just below the stairs.  Just a few yards out is a wave surge behind that mass of water.  The surge will push the mass up the face of the slope, and the surge will rush up the slope towards the dunes.

Before I go much farther, I'd like to refer to what I think is the most important thing I've ever learned about beach dynamics.  The same principles apply to how things are moved in rivers and streams too, but for now I'm interested in these principles as they explain how sand and other items move on a beach.

Breaking it down, there is a certain amount of force needed to pick up different materials, including clay, silt, sand, pebbles, gravel and other items.  It takes more force to start an item moving than is required to keep the same item moving.

There is a certain amount of force required to suspend specific types of sand and other materials.  Generally it takes more water velocity and force to suspend clay than it takes to suspend sand, for example.  Even though the particles of clay are smaller, they are more cohesive so it takes more water force to pick it up.  And it takes more force to move pebbles than sand.  Things like the density of the objects, cohesiveness and even shape are important factors.  Pebbles are not more cohesive than sand, but they are more dense, so it takes more water velocity or force to get them moving.

There is also a certain amount of force required to keep an object moving once it is moving.  It takes less force to keep an object moving than it does to overcome the inertia and other factors that keep a particle or other object stationary.


The above chart shows velocity increasing from left to right on the horizontal axis, and particle size increasing from bottom to top on the vertical axis.  The right most red line shows that clay requires more force to suspend than sand, which requires less force to suspend than pebbles (or coins, rings, etc.).

Looking at the left most red line, you see that it takes little force to move already suspended clay or silt, but the force required to transport sand and pebbles or larger objects is greater.

Lets say you have enough water flow to get the sand moving, and enough to keep it moving, but then the force diminishes and the sand settles. The sand will be picked up where the force is relatively high, such as where the wave crashes, and carried up the slope until the water slows enough that the sand drops out of suspension.  If the water rushes back down the hill instead of slowly decreasing on the slope, sand can be carried down the hill, resulting in erosion.

The sand is moved when the force is great enough to pick it up and move it, and it is dropped when the force slows.  That part seems obvious enough, but there are other factors.  You have the tides and interacting multiple waves interacting.  Returning waves hit incoming waves, for example.  And there are irregularities in the surface of the beach.  And there is liquefaction.  (That is another topic for another time.)

There are different kinds of objects on the beach in addition to sand.  There are shells, and there might be coins and things.   Coins have their own peculiarities and methods of moving.  I once posted a number of ways that coins move.  But that is another discussion for another time.

Without getting into all the variables, sand will be moved differently than coins and things.  Different amounts of force are required to suspend and transport different objects.

Lets say you have just enough flow at the base of the slope to pick up and move sand.  It will be transported up the slope, and if the force slowly decreases, the sand will drop out and the sand will accumulate.   On the other hand, if the water picks up the sand and keeps it moving up the hill, and the water bounces off a cut or dune so the force is maintained at a high enough rate, the sand will wash down the hill again.  That is one way you get erosion.

Coins can be picked up if the force is great enough and carried up the hill along with the sand, but since it takes a greater amount of force to keep the denser objects moving, the water can slow enough to drop the coins while the sand continues to move out.  If the returning water force is great enough, the coins can be carried down the slope too.

You'll notice that when the water is bouncing off the face of a cut or off the dunes, the returning water can have a lot of force.  That means things will be carried down the slope until they drop out of suspension and settle in.

Different objects will settle at different places.  Like things will be dropped together.   As the water slows, coins and other things will drop out and settle before the sand.  That is how coin lines and coin holes are formed.   I've talked about that a lot in the past.

So what you are looking for is places where good targets have just been uncovered by eroding sand, or where those targets have been dropped.

After all of the fast moving water is over, slower water will move the grains of sand up the hill and drop the sand, building the beach and perhaps cover denser objects, such as any coins that were left behind.  Since you are interested in the areas where good targets are being uncovered or being dropped, you are looking for areas where the sand is being eroded or areas where the water has slowed enough to drop good targets.

It is all a beautiful balancing act.  Items are sifted and sorted like they are a gold pan, but on a beach the area is much bigger and there are a lot irregularities and complexities.  Still, I think you'll benefit if you get the ideas presented in the above chart.

...

PS: I lost the original source of the chart, so if anyone can find it I'd appreciate it.  I'd like to be able to credit the source.

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I received some questions and know that some of you might be wondering if your detector might not be working ok because you didn't find anything good last weekend.   Your metal detector is probably fine.  If you are not sure, test it on some small silver coins.  Maybe cut an old silver dime in half, take it to the beach and test your metal detector.  If you can detect a small piece of silver like that, you can detect a silver reale unless it is too deep or something is wrong with your sweep.  So pay attention to your sweep speed and height when you do your tests.   It never hurts to take some test targets to the beach to make sure.  But I'd bet that your detector is fine.  There is a lot of beach out there and you just have to put your coil over the right spot at the right time.   If you understand what I wrote above, that will help you.  Finding the spots is the main thing.

I know how it is.  When you don't get any hits, you start to wonder if you detector is working well.  Usually it is, but you can test it to make sure.

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Seems like there is some talk about beach privatization again.  I received the following emails from DJ.

Thought this bill died a couple years ago. 

HB 631 was approved and still on the books, lots of legaleaze



These bills are filed to repeal 631 and protect beach access for the public (as far as I can tell)




I’ll try to get more current info, they don’t make it easy to understand.



Hope we don’t have to face this too.

We had a petition going on this back some time ago.   Somebody needs to stay on top of this.

There is also some proposed legislation for the Florida Keys that the Fisher organization is fighting.  I've been meaning to post what I received about that, but there has been so much local news lately that I didn't get around to it yet.

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The surf will be small this week.

Happy hunting,
Treasureguide@comcast.net











Saturday, May 20, 2017

5/20/17 Report - Why Nor'easters Move More Sand and Coins: A Small Scale Video Illustration.


Written by the TreasureGuide for the exclusive use of treasurebeachesreport.blogspot.com.

Erosion I Found Yesterday

It is not often that I am able to capture such as good image of such a basic and important thing. Usually I don't have my camera, or the batteries or dead or for some other reason I just can't capture the image in a way that shows what I really want to show.

Yesterday when I was out I hunting, I saw the above little eroded cliff. I made a very short video that shows how water hitting the beach at a sharp angle slices away the sand.  That is something I often talk about, especially as it relates to Nor'easters.

This erosion is on a very small scale, but the small scale and the clarity of the water, worked out for the better.  The same thing you see in the video below happens on the beach on a much larger scale when the surf is larger.  I think you can see from that video how the water slices along the front of the cliff.

Here is the link to the video.  Take a look.  It is only nine seconds.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8aCk1zC0e4

Notice how the water speeds along the face of the cliff.

I suggest running the video and few times and watching how the water skirts long at the base of the cliff.

At the end, you see multiple steps in the sand.  The steps were created as the tide went down.  Some steps are greater than others because there were times when the waves were bigger.

Below is a an illustration of the eroded area and the neighboring beach. The general direction of the water adds sand in one place and removes it in another.  If the direction of the waves changed, the sand would be removed and added at different locations.



The curve in the beach is important.   To the right of the illustration, sand was accumulating.  It was only eroding where the water was hitting at an angle (orange line).

The water hits the cliff and bounces back off the cliff.  That water bouncing off the cliff then gets pushed along the face of the cliff by incoming water.  On the leading edge of the rushing water, you see a little swirl created where the wave pushes the water that is bouncing off the cliff.

I was glad I caught that on video.  I often see something I want to talk about, and for one reason or another, don't catch it on video.  On this small scale, it was pretty easy to see what was happening.

The movement of sand on the beach is multi-directional.  How the incoming and outgoing water interact is important.

When the water hits at a sharp angle, as in the video, there is a redirection of water as the outgoing water hits the incoming water.  When it is hitting at a sharp angle, there is not so much of a collision as when the water is washing directly up and down the slope.  When the water is hitting at a sharp angle, there is more of a combining and redirection rather than a collision that severely reduces the force of both the incoming and outgoing water.  In some areas it actually appeared that the two sources added together and added to the overall force.  There were times when the incoming and outgoing water combined to create a swirl that moved along the beach near the front of the combined sources.  The sand appeared to suspend more in the area of the swirl.

Clip From Another Video Segment
In the above illustration you can see the direction of the incoming water, the outgoing water and the area where they were gathering (arrows).  That area is where there appeared to be the most sand suspended, for the area at the base of the cliff when the water hit it with some force.  The swirl moved parallel to the beach for a short distance.

As I've discussed when I talked about trigger points and drop points, what is moved by the water is determined by the amount of force.  The small amount shown in this video moved sand but would not move coins - other than those that might happen to fall out of the bank.  If you understand the movement of sand and other objects on a beach you'll know better when and where to look for coins.

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This looks like it would be a good read.

The Wreckers: A Story of Killing Seas and Plundered Shipwrecks, from the 18th-Century to the Present Day Hardcover – July 14, 2005, by Bella Bathurst.

Unfortunately you don't get much of an online preview, but here is the link.

https://www.amazon.com/Wreckers-Killing-Plundered-Shipwrecks-18th-Century/dp/0618416773

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The most read post of April was the 4/27/17 Report - More On Cooper's Treasure Show. Salvage Lease Process In The Bahamas. Blog Provided Touch of Home to Deployed Detectorist.

People have been going back and reading a lot of the old posts.

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Happy hunting,
TreasureGuide@comcast.net

Friday, July 31, 2015

7/31/15 Report - Which Amazing Half Million Dollar Shipwreck Treasure Will You Soon Be Able To Buy? More On The Classification Process. Two Tropical Disturbances.


Written by the TreasureGuide for the exclusive use of treasurebeachesreport.blogspot.com.

Gold Chalice Found On The Site of The Atocha
On August 5 Guernsey's will team with Invaluable (an online auction marketplace) to auction sunken treasure from the Nuestra Senora de Atocha that sank in 1622 after sailing into a violent hurricane. American treasure hunter Mel Fisher discovered the sunken treasure. To mark the thirty-year anniversary of this astonishing discovery, Guernsey's will auction off items from Fisher's Collection. A portion of the proceeds will benefit the Michael Abt, Jr. Have a Heart Foundation, which works to provide Automatic External Defibrillators (AED) to schools nationwide. 


This auction starts at 7:00 PM EST on the 5th, and will feature a selection of 126 incredible treasure lots. On July 20, 1985 Fisher’s perseverance paid off: over 40 tons of silver and gold were located at the site of the wreck off the Marquesas Keys. Including more than 100,000 Spanish silver coins known as "pieces of eight," gold coins, the finest Colombian emeralds, silver and gold artifacts, and over 1,000 silver bars.


Crest Found On Chalice

The gold chalice, estimated to bring around $500,00, is one of the lots in that auction.
Since its discovery, the chalice has undergone conservation efforts lead by marine archaeologists, who also removed a layer of white, calcareous concretion. The rim of this gold chalice is etched with scroll work, images of animals, and there is a crest in the center of the cup that remains in pristine condition. Although experts have not linked the crest to any of the ship's passengers, there is a helm above the engraving that could signify its owner as having been a Duke or a Baron. The gold shines radiantly with a deep hue and is of a high karat weight. A portion of a tax stamp is visible on the edge of the base, and another is present on the bottom of the cup. The base is threaded onto the bottom of the chalice and it turns as if it were made yesterday.


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With all of the treasure news breaking lately, including the million dollar Treasure Coast finds and that amazing 8-escudo Royal and the finds of the Capitana, I had this ready to post back some time ago with some other posts on beach dynamics and classification, but I put it if off because of all of that news.

The following chart provides a good illustration of what some call "classification."

You'll hear some of the same myths repeated by every book and half the articles on shallow water metal detecting.  It concerns how objects are supposedly classified or sifted and sorted.  I won't take the time to address those myths right now, but I think these illustrations will help you visualize how classification (the sifting and sorting of objects in a beach system) works.



Basically, with different amounts of force, different things get moved.  That is nothing new.  I've discussed that plenty.  And I've also discussed how different things will stay in motion longer than others.  Those objects will not drop out of transport as quickly as some other items.

To make this more relevant for us detectorists, imagine where coins or gold rings might fit in.  Coins and rings can be very different.  Coins come in different sizes and rings come in a variety of shapes.

Shape does make a difference, along with density.

Even different types of sand gains move at different times and in different ways.  That is what accounts for the different layers you will see on the beach.

With low flow speed, silt, sand, and maybe some gravel will be moved.  It will take a good bit to move a gold ring.  Gold rings will require more flow or force to move than gravel.

The illustration above shows a one-way flow.  On the beach, you often have a two way flow.  The waves wash up and then back, so you have to take that into account too.  When something washes up onto the beach, will it also wash back down?  That depends on a lot of factors.  In the case of a big fat class ring, it will often roll back down, if there was enough force to wash it up to begin with.

I just thought that would help you better visualize the classification process.

When the silt and sand gets moved from a specific area but not class rings, the class rings will settle lower.  If the flow reverses with a similar force, the class ring will then be buried again.

Once buried, the ring will stay buried until the sand on top of it is removed.  After the sand is removed from over it, the class ring can be moved too if there is then enough force.

Of course the sand and the ring can be moved at the same time, but one will likely be moved slower and less far and will be dropped off sooner as the force decreases.

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There are two tropical disturbances in the Atlantic right now.  Neither are expected to affect us much though.



Expect a one to two foot surf this weekend.

Happy hunting,
TreasureGuide@comcast.net