Part of Corpus from a Gold Crucifix Found on a Treasure Coast Beach with a Metal Detector.I showed this corpus before, but chose to show it today as an illustration of some points made below.
Here is a great web site that shows the evolution of some Latin American crucifixes from 1700 through the 1800s. Many were manufactured in Peru. It is a good site to study for anyone who has found old crucifixes, and I would recommend that any Treasure Coast hunter take a look at the site.
Besides the examples from various periods for study, the site also gives some history on individual pieces. As I mentioned the other day, sometimes family heir looms like these are held for a number of years and undergo modifications at different periods. Of course, when that happens an item can present a confusing picture to anyone trying to determine the age of the item.
Here is what they said under one of the first crucifixes that was dated to the 1700 - 1750 period. To see this particular item, use the link below, and then select 1700 - 1750.
You will then see the item.
Here is what it says. "Each original Spanish Colonial Cross has a unique story to tell. [ This ] one is very old and has gone through a metamorphosis. It started out as a brass cross; but then the indigenous owner embellished it by having it dipped in silver. Then the corpus started coming lose,( 150 years later) and it was firmly reattached. Why am I telling you this? Because these were special heirlooms handed down generation after generations through these indigenous families. This one has a very unique personality and I would leave it just as it is."
The thing that I want to point out is that if you found a crucifix like this, you might be confused by the workmanship or features when trying to decide upon an age.
Some of the modifications were made after 150 years. One of the things I look for on a crucifix to try to determine it's age is how the corpus is attached to the cross. One good sign that indicates an older item is when the corpus is constructed separately from the cross and attached by small rivets that go through the cross. If the corpus is attached to the cross in a different manner, that might immediately make me suspect that it was not as old as I might otherwise think, especially if the holes were filled in or no longer visible.
You might also remember our discussion of silver plating of old items. It is not uncommon for people to think that silver plating is a recent (20th century) process. That is definitely not the case. Silver plating has been going on in different forms for many centuries.
I would recommend that you study the various crucifixes that they present on that web site. You will see that it was common for genuinely old items to be modified at different times. And of course, that can make the dating process that much more difficult.
The corpus shown above shows where the rivet went through the hand. It also shows a flat broad now on the corpus. If you look at the rosary site, you will see that the corpus on many of the crucifixes show some features that occur as a result of indigenous workmen. The face will be different and the garments will tend to be different on crucifixes manufactured in Peru by indigenous peoples as compared to those manufactured in Spain or Europe.
But the nose flattening is also the result of wear or use. The higher features on a corpus that was used a lot by devout supplicants will be worn down by rubbing. People often rubbed the crucifix while praying, and on precious metals that will show. You can see that on the today's photo example and on some of the examples on the rosary web site.
Crucifixes made in the New World sometimes also have a lot of copper alloy in the gold, which makes the gold more brittle and subject to breaking.
On the item that I showed two days ago, there was a pearl in the middle of a flower shape surrounded petals with turquoise. When I first dug up the item, I thought it must be an American piece from the eighties or sometime like that because silver and turquoise was very popular then. I later learned that turquoise was often used in Europe in earlier centuries and was brought from a source in Turkey. A dark blue was the favored color of turquoise in 17th century Europe.
The ear ring that I showed just yesterday, seems to be what I might call a hybrid. It appears that the wire that goes through the pieced ear was added at a later time than when the body of the earring was manufactured.
I once found an emerald ring on which the setting and stone appear to be from one time period and the band from another time period. The gold setting and stone appears to be older and tests out at a significantly different karat value than the band.
i guess my point today that any given item may be composed of elements that were created or at different time periods.
You are undoubtedly familiar with the practice of taking old coins and mounting them for use in new jewelry. Just take a look at the Mel Fisher Museum Store or Ebay and you will see a variety of examples of that. I suppose the old saying holds, "Nothing is new." They were undoubtedly doing the same type of thing hundreds of years ago. So don't be surprised if you find items composed of elements from widely different time periods.
I won't go into the practice of copying or manufacturing old items. That can also be misleading. And some styles have been used in essentially the same form for hundreds of years.
Well, I've probably gone way beyond my knowledge level. I'm just an old hunter that has observed a few things in the process. If anything I said is wrong, feel free to correct me.
Forecast and Conditions. The wind is now from the west and the seas will remain at about 2.5 feet for a while. It doesn't look like that will change until about Wednesday or Thursday if the surf sites are right. So you'll have a continuation of current conditions for a few days.
I don't have much to say here that hasn't already been said lately.
Conditions are still poor.
Change your clocks. Spring forward.
Happy hunting,
TreasureGuide@comcast.net